Chidziwitso
Chidziwitso
Kodi Chitsime Chotentha Kwambiri ndi Chopanikizika Kwambiri N'chiyani?
Chitsime chotentha kwambiri komanso chopanikizika kwambiri, chodziwika kuti HPHT kapena High Pressure, High Temperature, chimatanthauzidwa ngati zitsime zomwe zili ndi kutentha kwa dzenje la pansi kopitilira 150°C (300°F) ndipo zimafuna zida zowongolera kuthamanga kwa mpweya zokhala ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kopitilira 69 MPa (10,000psi).
Kodi Vuto la Kutentha mu HPHT Well ndi Chiyani?
Mu zitsime zokhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri (HPHT), kuyang'anira mphamvu yolowera pansi, makamaka mphamvu yolowera pansi, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakubowola. Kuthamanga kwa maenje kumatanthauza kuthamanga kwa madzi mkati mwa maenje a miyala yosungiramo madzi.
Kodi Vuto la Kupanikizika mu HPHT Well ndi Chiyani?
Mu zitsime zokhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri (HPHT), vuto la kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zakunja. Kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa madzi m'bowo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito zobowola ziyende bwino komanso motetezeka.
Chiyambi cha Chosungira Simenti
Chosungira simenti ndi chida chapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, chopangidwa kuti chithandize kusiyanitsa madera mkati mwa chitsime. Kupatula madera ndi njira yopangira chotchinga pakati pa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a geological kapena madera osungira madzi kuti apewe kuyenda kosafunikira kwa madzi pakati pawo. Zosungira simenti zimakwaniritsa izi mwa kumangirira bwino mu chitsime ndikupanga chisindikizo, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakumanga ndi kumaliza chitsime chonse.
Zipangizo Zamakono Zofunika Kwambiri Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito ku HPHT Wells
Kufufuza bwino ndi kupanga zitsime za HPHT kumadalira zida ndi machitidwe apadera omwe amatsimikizira chitetezo, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kudalirika.
Mavuto mu Kubowola Zitsime za HPHT
Zitsime za HPHT zimadziwika ndi:Kupanikizika Kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa madzi osungiramo madzi kopitirira 10,000 psi. Kutentha Kwambiri, kutentha kwa madzi osungiramo madzi kopitirira 300°F (149°C).
Kutsetsereka kwa Manja Kumapeto
Manja otsetsereka – nthawi zina amatchedwa zitseko zam'mbali zotsetsereka (SSDs) – amasinthidwa ndi ma wireline locks ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma nipple profiles. Chithunzi chili pansipa chikuwonetsa manja wamba a siding sleeve. Manja awa amagwiritsa ntchito collet kuti 'agwire' manjawo m'malo atatu (kutsegula, kufanana, ndi kutseka). Manja otsetsereka apeza mbiri yoipa – mwina satsegula kapena kutseka. Scale, asphaltene, zinyalala zolimba, kapena kukokoloka ndizomwe zimayambitsa mavutowa. Zoonadi, kupanga pamitengo yokwera kapena kudzera m'madoko ang'onoang'ono kungayambitse mavuto, monga momwe kuyesa kutsegula kapena kutseka manja pa ngodya zapamwamba kapena ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kosiyana. Manja otsetsereka amapanga maziko a njira zamakono zowongolera kuyenda kwa madzi pansi.
Kumaliza kwa Zitsime mu Makampani a Mafuta ndi Gasi
Kumaliza Zitsime ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa Makampani Opanga Mafuta ndi Gasi. Kumalamulira njira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zolowera pansi zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti madzi osungiramo madzi afika pamwamba. Komanso kuonetsetsa kuti madera opangira madzi atalikirana ndi Malo Osapanga. Ntchito yayikulu imayamba ndi kukonzekera malo ozungulira malo olipira ndikusamalira. Pakapita nthawi yobowola, kupangidwako kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzi olowa komanso olemera monga matope obowola kapena simenti, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chitsime kuti chisagwere chokha ndikuletsa kuyenda kwa ma hydrocarbon kuchokera kumadera ena. Kusunga chinthu choyipa kapena chopanda khungu ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti chitsimecho chili ndi ntchito yabwino, chifukwa chimalola kuti ma hydrocarbon ayende bwino mu chubu. Kuti izi zipitirire, kukonza chitsime nthawi zonse monga kusweka kwa hydraulic, acidization, kusonkhezera zitsime, ndi zina zotero, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Munthu anganene kuti kumaliza zitsime kumatsimikizira kuti chitsimecho chili chokonzeka kupangidwa kapena kulowetsedwa malinga ndi malo oyika chitsime ndi kuya kwa chitsime.
Chifukwa Chake Kugwiritsa Ntchito Composite Frac Plug Material mu Well Completions
Kuchita bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama ndiye mfundo zazikulu mu dziko la hydraulic fracturing. Pakati pa zisankho za zipangizo panthawi yomaliza zitsime, padzakhala kusintha kwakukulu pa ntchito yopambana m'munda. Pakati pa zonsezi, composite frac plug material yakhala imodzi mwa njira zatsopano zomwe zaperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi. Pano, tiwona zabwino zisanu zapamwamba za chipangizochi chamakono komanso chifukwa chake chikukhala muyezo wagolide wa zitsime.
Kubowola Molunjika M'makampani a Mafuta ndi Gasi
Kuboola molunjika (HDD) kwakhala njira yodziwika bwino kuyambira m'ma 1930, ngakhale poyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mpumulo ku zitsime zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ndipotu, idadziwika padziko lonse pambuyo poti njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa munda waukulu wamafuta ku Conroe, Texas. Kuboola molunjika molunjika kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito pochepetsa zitsime zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri, koma tsopano ili ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri - kuwonjezera kupanga bwino m'zitsime za gasi, makamaka m'masewera a shale.