Miyezo ndi Zigawo za Packer

International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ndi American Petroleum Institute(API) apanga muyezo [reference ISO 14310:2001(E) ndi API Specification 11D1 yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa malangizo kwa onse opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito posankha, kupanga, kupanga. , ndi kuyezetsa ma labotale amitundu yambiri yapaketi yomwe ilipo pamsika wamasiku ano. Mwinanso chofunikira kwambiri, miyezo imakhazikitsanso magawo ochepa omwe wopanga ayenera kutsatira kuti agwirizane. International Standard idapangidwa ndi zofunikira pakuwongolera bwino komanso kutsimikizira kapangidwe kake pamasanjidwe a tiered. Pali magiredi, kapena magawo atatu, okhazikitsidwa kuti aziwongolera bwino ndi magiredi asanu ndi limodzi (kuphatikiza giredi imodzi yapadera) kuti atsimikizire kapangidwe kake.

Miyezo yabwino imayambira pa giredi Q3 mpaka Q1, yokhala ndi giredi Q3 yokhala ndi zofunikira zochepa ndipo Q1 ikuwonetsa njira zapamwamba kwambiri zowunikira ndi kutsimikizira kupanga. Zopereka zimakhazikitsidwanso kuti zilole wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kusintha mapulani abwino kuti akwaniritse ntchito yake mwa kuphatikiza zofunika zina monga "zofunikira zowonjezera."

Magiredi asanu ndi limodzi ovomerezeka ovomerezeka amayambira V6 mpaka V1. V6 ndiye giredi yotsika kwambiri, ndipo V1 imayimira mayeso apamwamba kwambiri. Gulu lapadera la V0 linaphatikizidwa kuti likwaniritse zofunikira zovomerezeka. M'munsimu ndi chidule chachidule chofotokozera zofunikira zamagulu osiyanasiyana ovomerezeka ovomerezeka.

Wopereka/wopanga wa Gulu la V6 akufotokozedwa

Ili ndiye giredi yotsikitsitsa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Mulingo wa magwiridwe antchito pakadali pano wafotokozedwa ndi wopanga zinthu zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zoyezera zomwe zimapezeka m'magiredi V0 mpaka V5.

Mayeso amadzimadzi a Grade V5

Mu giredi iyi, wopakirayo ayenera kuyikidwa mu mainchesi amkati mwake (ID) pomwe adavotera pa kutentha koyenera kogwira ntchito. Zoyeserera zimafunika kuti zikhazikitsidwe ndi mphamvu yocheperako kapena kukakamiza monga momwe wopanga amanenera. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kumachitika ndi madzi kapena mafuta a hydraulic mpaka pamlingo wosiyana kwambiri wapaketi. Zosintha ziwiri zosinthira pachidacho zimafunikira, kutanthauza kuti ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti wopakirayo azigwira mwamphamvu kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi. Nthawi yogwira mayeso aliwonse imayenera kukhala yayitali mphindi 15. Pamapeto pa mayesowo, zonyamula zobweza ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamayeso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zidapangidwira.

Mayeso amadzi a Grade V4 + katundu wa axial

M'kalasi iyi, magawo onse omwe ali mu Gulu la V5 amagwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pakudutsa njira za V5, ziyeneranso kutsimikiziridwa kuti wopakirayo azikhala ndi mphamvu yosiyanitsira kuphatikiza ndi kukakamiza komanso kunyamula katundu, monga momwe amalengezedwera mu envulopu yantchito ya wopanga.

Mayeso amadzi a Grade V3 + katundu wa axial + kutentha kwa njinga

Njira zonse zoyeserera zoperekedwa mu Grade V4 zimagwira ntchito ku V3. Kuti mukwaniritse chiphaso cha V3, wopakirayo ayeneranso kuyesa kuyesa kwa kutentha. Pakuyezetsa kozungulira kutentha, wonyamulayo ayenera kukhala ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu komwe kumatchulidwa pamiyezo yakumtunda ndi yotsika komwe wonyamulayo adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito. Kuyesedwa kumayambika pa kutentha kwakukulu, monga V4 ndi V5. Pambuyo podutsa gawo ili la mayesero, kutentha kumaloledwa kuziziritsa pang'ono, ndipo kuyesa kwina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo popambana mayeso otsika, wopakirayo ayeneranso kupitilira kukakamiza kosiyanitsidwa pambuyo poti kutentha kwa cell kukwezedweranso kutentha kwambiri.

Mayeso a gasi a Grade V2 + katundu wa axial

Mayeso omwewo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu V4 amagwiranso ntchito ku Gulu V2, koma sing'anga yoyesera imasinthidwa ndi mpweya kapena nayitrogeni. Kutsika kwa mpweya wa 20 cm3 pa nthawi yogwira ndikovomerezeka, komabe, mlingowo sungathe kuwonjezeka panthawi yomwe mukugwira ntchito.

Mayeso a Gasi V1 + katundu wa axial + kutentha kwa njinga

Mayeso omwewo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu V3 amagwiranso ntchito ku Gulu V1, koma sikelo yoyesera imasinthidwa ndi mpweya kapena nayitrogeni. Mofanana ndi kuyesa kwa V2, kutayikira kwa 20 cm3 wa gasi pa nthawi yogwira ndikovomerezeka, ndipo mlingowo sungathe kuwonjezeka panthawi yogwira.

Mayeso Apadera a Gasi a V0 + Axial Loads + Kukwera Panjinga + Bubble Tight Gas Seal Iyi ndi giredi yapadera yotsimikizira yomwe imawonjezedwa kuti ikwaniritse zomwe makasitomala amafuna kuti chisindikizo cha gasi cholimba chimafunika. Zoyeserera ndizofanana ndi za V1, koma kuchuluka kwa mpweya sikuloledwa panthawi yogwira.

Ngati wopakira ali woyenerera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makalasi apamwamba, atha kuonedwa kuti ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magiredi otsikira ovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ayesedwa ku giredi V4, amavomereza kuti wopaka paketiyo akukwaniritsa kapena kupitilira zofunikira za V4, V5, ndi V6.

Mapaketi a Vigor amapangidwa motsatira miyezo ya API 11D1, ndipo mtundu wapamwamba wazinthuzo umadziwika ndi makasitomala ambiri ndipo wafika ndi dongosolo la mgwirizano wautali ndi Vigor. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi Packers a Vigor kapena zinthu zina pobowola ndikumaliza, chonde musazengereze kutilumikizana nafe kuti mupeze chithandizo chaukadaulo.

Maumboni

1.Intl. Std., ISO 14310, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries—Downhole Equipment—Packers and Bridge Plugs, kope loyamba. Ref. ISO 14310:2001 (E),(2001-12-01).

2.API Specification 11D1, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-Downhole Equipment-Packers and Bridge Plugs, kope loyamba. 2002. ISO 14310:2001.